2026 · Published in Algorithms (MDPI)
Explainable driver behavior detection with multi-head attention
Problem. Driver-monitoring systems that flag distraction need to be accurate and auditable at the same time: a system that cannot show why it raised an alert is hard to evaluate and hard to trust.
Approach. We combined a convolutional backbone with a multi-head attention module, so the network captures both local spatial detail and long-range dependencies in the driver's activities. Grad-CAM was then used to produce attribution maps over the input, and an ablation study with k-fold validation isolated what the attention mechanism actually contributed.
Result. On the State Farm Distracted Driver dataset, performance held up consistently across all ten distraction classes in precision, recall and F1, and the model stayed fast enough for real-time monitoring.
Abdullah Al Mamun, Md Shahidul Islam Shabuz, Md Nahidur Rahaman, Khawja Imran Masud, Md. Biddut Hossain